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Traduction, localisation et transcréation : quelles sont les différences ?

Traduction, localisation et transcréation sont des termes que vous avez probablement entendus si vous avez déjà fouillé où chercher les services d’un prestataire linguistique. Pour autant, comment distinguer ces trois types de traduction ? Dans cet article, nous vous expliquerons quelles sont les différences entre la traduction, la localisation et la transcréation. Vous cherchez un traducteur pour votre projet ? N’hésitez pas à être attentif à ces trois types de traduction afin de correctement les distinguer.

Traduction

La traduction fonctionne de la manière la plus littérale qui soit. Au cours de la traduction, certains changements stylistiques sont nécessaires pour assurer une bonne fluidité du texte et une compréhension précise dans la langue cible. Toutefois, les traducteurs s’efforcent de respecter le texte source dans la mesure du possible.

En effet, ce type de traduction requiert d’être le plus fidèle à votre document original. C’est par exemple le cas dans un contrat commercial à traduire ou un e-email généraliste. Le traducteur se contentera de traduire votre document afin que le contenu cible soit conforme au contenu source.

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La traduction simple est probablement le type de traduction le plus demandé dans le monde auprès des agences de traduction et des traducteurs indépendants.

Localisation

La localisation vise à améliorer la traduction sur le plan linguistique. Elle nécessite des compétences pointues de la part de votre traducteur. Celui-ci devra faire des choix créatifs pour transmettre le contenu de la manière la plus adaptée à la langue et à la culture cibles.

Prenons un exemple : le mot ascenseur se traduit par « elevator » aux États-Unis mais « lift » au Royaume-Uni. Les deux sont anglais, mais un public américain pourrait être dérouté par l’inexactitude du mot « lift » dans la traduction et vice versa. La localisation consiste en effet à adapter la traduction afin qu’elle soit parfaitement compréhensible de votre audience cible.

Pour réaliser une prestation de localisation, il est primordial de choisir un traducteur natif. Celui-ci justifiera d’une connaissance linguistique mais également culturelle indispensable pour proposer une localisation de qualité.

Une agence de traduction spécialisée dans la localisation saura réaliser une prestation de qualité. Le processus de localisation est souvent utile pour les entreprises. Les logiciels, sites web et applications font régulièrement l’objet d’une localisation de la part d’un traducteur professionnel.

Transcréation

La transcréation se détache de la source littérale et vise plutôt à maintenir le message et le ton dans une nouvelle formulation qui s’adapte mieux à la langue et à la culture cibles.

Plutôt proche de la localisation, elle fait cependant appel à un style plus littéraire. C’est notamment le cas de la traduction marketing. Cela peut être particulièrement utile pour les œuvres créatives comme les slogans ou les contenus humoristiques comme les blagues.

La transcréation est très importante pour les entreprises. Elles réalisent la transcréation leurs éléments de communication afin que ceux-ci soient adaptées à l’audience dans laquelle ils souhaitent s’implanter.

Par exemple, une entreprise française qui souhaite se lancer en Suède devra adapter ses contenus à l’audience suédoise. Pour créer un message impactant, elle devra par exemple adapter ses spots publicitaires au public suédois et sa manière de consommer. Pour cette raison, elle devra faire appel à un traducteur spécialisé qui pourra réaliser une prestation de transcréation.

Là encore, un traducteur qui doit réaliser une transcréation doit être un prestataire professionnel qui connaît parfaitement la langue et sa culture. En d’autres termes, traduire dans sa langue maternelle est un vrai plus pour ce type de traduction.

Pour conclure

Ces trois formes de traduction se combinent souvent – un traducteur rencontrera souvent des éléments qu’il devra localiser ou transcréer et il doit s’y préparer.

Pour obtenir des traductions de haute qualité, travailler avec un traducteur natif est indispensable. Le traducteur qui réalisera ces prestations devra justifier d’une expérience lui permettant de faire les bons choix linguistiques mais également stylistiques et culturels. Le traducteur doit être créatif et apporter une véritable plus-value à vos traductions qui pourront alors traverser les frontières. Et ce sans craindre d’être mal perçu par votre audience cible !

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